SOCIAL STUDIES
LEAP REVIEW
GRADE
8
Prepared by Paulette Cefalu-Walkwitz
1. Compare the French
and Spanish systems of colonial government to the government used in
2. How does the
Constitution divide powers between the federal government and the
states?
3. How does the
separation of powers limit government?
4. How does the U.S.
Constitution reflect the principles of limited government, checks and
balances,
federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual
rights?
5. Identify the
powers of government shared and limited in the Constitution.
6. What is the
purpose of state and federal constitutions?
7. Explain the
local
forms of government.
8. Compare the
structures, functions, and powers of the national, state, and local
governments.
9. What is the
role
of the representatives and executive leaders at the local, state, and
national
levels?
10. Identify key
officials at the local and state levels.
Define their roles and functions.
11. What is the rule
of law in establishing limits on both those who govern, protect
individual
rights, and promote the common good?
12. How do we
evaluate rules and laws?
13. Compare the
policy making process at the local, state, and national levels.
15. Identify sources
of revenue for governments.
17. What types of
taxes are collected by local, state, and federal governments?
18. How important are
taxes in Louisiana?
19. What are the essential ideas and historical
origins of
American Constitutional Government as expressed in the Declaration of
Independence, the Constitution, and other writings?
20. What impact has
ethnic and religious groups had on Louisiana politics?
21. How have
religious freedom, slavery, French and Spanish governments, geographic
location, immigration, and economy helped shape Louisiana’s society?
22. How have ancient
governments influenced American democracy?
23. How has the
American political culture been shaped by changes such as colonization,
immigration, industrialization, and slavery?
24. What are the
basic values and principles of American constitutional government, as
expressed
in core documents such as the Declaration of Independence and the U.S.
Constitution?
25. How has the
Napoleonic Code influenced Louisiana law?
26. Explain “majority
vote vs. consensus” in instituting social and political change.
27. How are changes
made in a democratic society (voting, impeachment, petitions,
amendments,
Supreme Court cases, etc.)?
28. What is the role
of political parties?
29. Describe the
various types of elections.
30. Why were
political parties formed?
31. Recognize
that
the terms “nation”, “nation-state”, “state”, and “country” are often
interchangeable when discussing international issues.
32. Explain the
powers of Congress, the President, and federal judiciary in foreign
affairs.
33. How does the
United States attain its foreign policy objectives?
(Diplomacy, aid, sanctions, treaties, etc.)
34. What are some
current U.S. foreign policy issues? What
are some of the strategies for dealing with these issues?
35. What are the
requirements for legal residency in Louisiana ?
36. Why is
responsible citizenship important to the individual and society?
37. Identify personal
rights and explain their importance.
38. Identify legal
and personal responsibilities of citizens.
39. What rights does
our constitution guarantee us as individuals?
40. How can citizens
monitor and influence politics and government at state, local, and
national
levels?
41. How can citizens
change government policy?
42. Why is it
important to be knowledgeable for active citizenship?
43. Distinguish
between time periods B.C. and A.D.(B.C.E., C.E.).
44. How did early
European exploration and colonization lead to different interactions
(such as
political, social, and economic)?
45. Explain an
historical problem or event and how it developed (such as writing a
report to
explain the origins of Louisiana’s Hayride Era).
46. Name historical
events and people who have played a major role in U.S. history. Explain how they have influenced history.
47. How does the U.S.
Constitution and Declaration of Independence influence students’ lives?
48. Identify the
individuals, events, and decisions that have formed the course of
Louisiana
History.
49. Define primary
and secondary sources of historical information.
50. Give examples of
propaganda, point of view, and fact and opinion of historical events
using
primary and secondary sources (e.g., cartoons, etc.).
51. Review the
origins and migrations from Asia to the Americas.
53. How did the
Americas change upon the arrival of the Europeans?
54. Discuss the
origins of triangular trade as connected to America.
55. Compare and
contrast Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans in the Western
Hemisphere
after 1492.
56. What effects did the Europeans have on the New
World?
57. What economic and
cultural changes were caused by European exploration?
58. How did the
arrival of the Africans in the European colonies relate to the increase
in the
importation of slaves?
59. What was the
relationship between the European and Native American cultures?
60. How did religious
differences affect the English colonies?
61. What were the
different religious groups in Colonial America? Describe
their roles as political institutions.
62. Why did some
colonists feel loyal to England?
63. The American
Revolution was preceded by many events.
Name them and cite the importance of each. Include
the dates.
64. What major ideas
are expressed in the Declaration of Independence?
65. What were the
strengths and weaknesses of the Patriots and British during the
American
Revolution?
66. What were the
effects of the American Revolution on the United States.
67. What was the
effect of the formation of government on individuals during the
American
Revolution? (e.g., economic and social impacts)
68. What are the key
elements of the U.S. Constitution?
(e.g., the three branches of government, the Preamble, etc.)
69. What was the
importance of the Bill of Rights and its specific guarantees for
citizens?
70. Identify
historical figures who were instrumental in writing the Declaration of
Independence.
71. How was the U.S.
Constitution formed and approved?
72. How did the U.S.
Constitution affect the formation of new government?
73. Why was the
Mississippi River important to western farmers?
74. What were
Napolean’s reasons forr in 1812?
Describe the Native American involvement.
76. Identify the
provisions of the Monroe Doctrine.
77. How did the
Westward Movement affect relations with Native Americans?
78. How did
government policy toward Native Americans during the early 1800's
impact their
removal and resettlement?
79. What strategies
were used by the Native Americans to resist American government policy?
80. Define and
explain Manifest Destiny. Describe its
economic, political, religious, and racial roots.
81. Which diplomatic
and political developments led to the resolution of conflicts with
Britain,
Spain, and Russia from 1815 - 1850?
82. Identify
causes
and results of the Texas War for Independence and the Mexican War.
83. What were the
causes for rapid growth of slavery?
84. Discuss
influences of Andrew Jackson on the United States political system.
85. What are some of
the major technological developments related to land and water
transportation?
86. How has
technology in transportation affected the economy and created
international
markets?
87. Describe the
impact of Andrew Jackson on the American political system (e.g., Spoils
System).
88. What are the
purposes of protective tariffs, a national bank, and federally funded
international improvements (such as reforms in education and prison
systems)?
89. Which factors
caused rapid urbanization and how did they affect the social fabric of
the 19th
century cities?
90. How did the
factory system affect gender roles and change the lives of women, men,
and
children?
91. How did
immigrants adapt to life in the U.S.? (Such as hostility directed at
them by
the Know Nothings, etc.)
92. Which factors
caused new waves of immigration (e.g., railroad, famine in Ireland)?
93. How did the
cotton gin and the Westward Movement lead to an increased demand for
slaves?
94. Describe the
plantation system.
95. Compare and
contrast various slave uprisings, their causes, and consequences.
96. Define
“abolition”.
97. Identify
principal abolitionists.
98. What did women
contribute to the reform movement?
99. How did
proslavery and antislavery influence the North and South?
100. What were the
fundamental beliefs and positions of abolitionists (gradual vs.
immediate
emancipation).
101. Identify the
Second Great Awakening (an Era of Reform).
Who were its leaders? What were
their contributions to public education, abolition, temperance
movement, and
women’s suffrage?
102. How did the
North and South differ economically, socially, and culturally?
103. What was the
impact of the Compromise of 1850 and the Dred Scott Decision of 1857 on
increasing sectionalism?
103. When did the
Southern states secede? Give reasons.
104. What were the
turning points of the Civil War?
105. How important
was slavery as the principal cause of the Civil War?
106. What were the
strengths and weaknesses of the North and South during the Civil War?
107. Describe the
military technology and its impact on the outcome of the war.
108. What was the
role of women on the home front and battle front in the Union and in
the
Confederacy?
109. What were the
human and material costs of the war in the North and in the South?
110. What were the
provisions of the Emancipation Proclamation and its effect on the
outcome of
the Civil War?
111. Explain the
different reconstruction plans used in the South after the Civil War.
112. What were the
provisions of the 13th, 14th, and 15th
Amendments?
113. Describe the
different Reconstruction plans as proposed by Lincoln, Johnson, and
congressional leaders.
114. What was the
conflict between Andrew Johnson and Congress?
Why was he impeached?
115. What was the
Compromise of 1877?
116. What factors led
to the end of Reconstruction in the South (e.g., Compromise of 1877)?
117. Describe how
Military Reconstruction affected the South.
118. How did the
railroads, businesses, and new inventions affect the growth of the U.S.?
119. Describe the
Progressive Era.
120. What were the
causes and effects of the Great Depression?
What impact did it have on the Americans?
121. What were the
causes, events, and effects of World War II?
122. What were the
major developments of contemporary United States from 1945-1980 (e.g.,
Korean
War, Cold War, Watergate, etc.)?
123. What
geographical features helped in the development of early civilizations?
124. How did
archaeological discoveries contribute to our knowledge of early peoples?
125. Why did
agricultural societies develop?
126. Which factors
influenced early civilization (e.g., writing, art, etc.)?
127. What were the
characteristics of early civilization and how did they influence other
cultures?
128. Define
“militarization”.
129. How did
migration and militarization cause changes in Europe and Asia
(political,
social, cultural, etc.)?
130. Compare and
contrast Greek and Roman civilizations.
131. Compare and
contrast the major religions in terms of leaders, major beliefs, and
location. What impact did they have on
civilizations in Europe, Asia, and Africa?
132. How did trade
affect the economy and culture of Europe, Asia, and Africa?
133. How did Europe
change politically, socially, culturally, and economically?
134. Describe the
origin and expansion of ancient American empires (Mayas, Incas, Aztecs).
135. Who were the
major explorers and how did they impact America?
136. How did the
political, agricultural, and industrial revolutions affect world
societies?
137. How did global
trade change world societies?
138. What were some
of the major conflicts of the 20th century?
139. Which trends
have impacted the modern world since 1945?
140. What are the
contributions of Native Americans to the culture of Louisiana?
141. Which major
explorers were significant to early Louisiana settlement?
How?
142. How did the
French and Spanish contribute to Louisiana history?
143. Which leaders of
Louisiana were influential and why?
144. Which major
events and ideas shaped the development
of Louisiana?
145. Describe major
conflicts which have occurred throughout Louisiana History.
146. Locate
Louisiana’s
major features on a map. How have these
features impacted its development?
147. Name some
folktales of Louisiana.
148. How have
different races, cultures, and ethnic groups influenced Louisiana
heritage?
ECONOMICS
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
1. Scarcity
2. Costs and benefits
3. Goods and services
4. Economic wants
5. Needs
6. Economic
choices/decisions
7. Opportunity cost,
trade offs
8. Producers
9. Consumers
10. Specialization
11. Career
opportunities
12. Productivity
13. Skills/knowledge
14. Traditional
economic system
15 Command economic system
16. Market economic
system
17. Natural resources
18. Human resources
19. Capital resources
20. Economic
institutions
21. Government
agencies
22. Individual
proprietorship
23. Partnership
24. Corporation
25. Cooperative
26. Barter
27. Money
28. Government
regulation
29. Government
deregulation
30. Inflation
31. Unemployment
32. Underemployment
QUESTIONS
1. What are the
functions of money?
2. What are the
characteristics of money?
3. What are the two
forms of business ownership?
4. What are the
different forms of exchange?
5. How should goods
and services be produced? Compare and
contrast the production and distribution of goods and services in
traditional,
command, and market systems.
6. What and how much
should be produced?
7. Who should produce
what?
8. Who should share
in what is produced? Which skills,
occupations, and inventions have increased productivity in the U.S.? How do educational levels and skills increase
income and job opportunities?
9. Discuss the
consequences of economic decisions that affect the United States. How do benefits and costs affect economic
decisions? How do consumers make
economic decisions, such as how to buy less expensive or more expensive
items?
10. What impact does
specialization have on the economic process?
Is our economy shifting towards specialization?
If so, how?
11. Discuss how the
U.S. economy has progressed from the triangular trade system to the
free
enterprise system.
12. Explain supply
and demand. Analyze the role of
competition in affecting supply, demand, and prices of products.
13. How have
inventions influenced production and distribution of goods and services? How have production and distribution of goods
been affected by such factors as supply and demand, price, incentives,
and
profit?
14. How important is
the Mississippi River to the economy of our state and nation?
15. How can
government regulation ensure and limit competition in a competitive
market?
16. How does
competition affect supply and demand?
17. How can technical
training meet the needs of industry and business in Louisiana?
18. How do government
regulations or deregulations affect business with the state, parish,
and local
communities?
19. What is the
purpose of taxation? How were revenues
collected during ancient times? What are
the sources of taxes today?
20. How does the
government borrow? Explain deficit
spending.
21. Identify the
triangular trade route.
22. Identify the
benefits of trade between/among nations.
23. List examples of
24. What is the
impact of international trade? (Higher
quality of living, increased competition, increased specialization, and
interdependence)
25. Identify
inventions that created economic growth.
26. Which historical
events caused changes in the economy (e.g., slavery, mass production,
war,
Great Depression, etc.)?
27. Give examples
from ancient history that show results of a successful economy.
28. How has
29. How has each of
the following affected
A.
B. Slavery
C. Civil War
D. Great Depression
E. Oil Production
F. Oil crisis
G. Gambling
30. What are the
effects of inflation and recession?
31. How does
inflation, unemployment, and underemployment influence different groups
of
people (e.g., business owners, consumers, etc.)?