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Language
Arts Grade-Level Expectations: Grade 8 |
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Thinking Maps® |
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1. Develop vocabulary using a variety of strategies, including: use of connotative and denotative meanings; use of Greek, Latin, and Anglo-Saxon roots and word parts (ELA-1-M1) |
Tree, Brace |
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2. Interpret story elements, including: stated and implied themes; development of character types (e.g., flat, round, dynamic, static); effectiveness of plot sequence and/or subplots; the relationship of conflicts and multiple conflicts (e.g., man vs. man, nature, society, self) to plot; difference in third-person limited and omniscient points of view; how a theme is developed (ELA-1-M2) |
Tree, Bubble, Flow, Multi-Flow, Circle |
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3. Interpret literary devices, including: allusions; understatement (meiosis); how word choice and images appeal to the senses and suggest mood and tone; the use of foreshadowing and flashback to direct plot development; the effects of hyperbole and symbolism (ELA-1-M2) |
Circle, Multi-Flow |
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4. Draw conclusions and make inferences in print and nonprint responses about ideas and information in grade-appropriate texts, including: epics; consumer materials; public documents (ELA-1-M3) |
Tree |
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5. Interpret ideas and information in a variety of texts (e.g., scientific reports, technical guidelines, business memos) and make connections to real-life situations and other texts (ELA-1-M4) |
Bridge, Tree |
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6. Analyze universal themes found in a variety of world and multicultural texts in oral and written responses (ELA-6-M1) |
Circle, Bridge |
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7. Compare and contrast elements (e.g., plot, setting, character, theme) in multiple genres (ELA-6-M2) |
Circle, Double Bubble |
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8. Use knowledge of the distinctive characteristics to classify and explain the significance of various genres, including: fiction (e.g., mystery, novel); nonfiction (e.g., workplace documents, editorials); poetry (e.g., lyric, narrative); drama (e.g., plays) (ELA-6-M3) |
Tree, Bubble, Multi-Flow |
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9. Demonstrate understanding of information in grade-appropriate texts using a variety of strategies, including: sequencing events to examine and evaluate information; summarizing and paraphrasing to examine and evaluate information; interpreting stated or implied main ideas; comparing and contrasting literary elements and ideas within and across texts; making inferences and drawing conclusions; predicting the outcome of a story or situation; identifying literary devices (ELA-7-M1) |
Circle, Flow, Tree, Multi-Flow |
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10. Explain the relationship between life experiences and texts to generate solutions to problems (ELA-7-M2) |
Multi-Flow, Double Bubble |
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11. Use technical information and other available resources (e.g., Web sites, interviews) to solve problems (ELA-7-M2) |
Multi-Flow |
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12. Evaluate the effectiveness of an
author’s purpose (ELA-7-M3) |
Multi-Flow |
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13. Analyze an author’s viewpoint by assessing appropriateness of evidence and persuasive techniques (e.g., appeal to authority, social disapproval) (ELA-7-M3) |
Multi-Flow, Circle |
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14. Analyze grade-appropriate print and nonprint texts using various reasoning skills, including: identifying cause-effect relationships; raising questions; reasoning inductively and deductively; generating a theory or hypothesis; skimming/scanning; distinguishing facts from opinions and probability (ELA-7-M4) |
Multi-Flow, Tree, Circle |
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Writing |
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15. Write complex, multiparagraph compositions on student- or teacher-selected topics organized with the following: a clearly stated focus or central idea; important ideas or events stated in a selected order; organizational patterns (e.g., comparison/contrast, order of importance, chronological order) appropriate to the topic; elaboration (anecdotes, relevant facts, examples, and/or specific details; transitional words and phrases that unify ideas and points; an overall structure (e.g., introduction, body/middle, and concluding paragraph that summarizes important ideas and details) (ELA-2-M1) |
Tree, Double Bubble, Flow, Circle |
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16. Organize individual paragraphs with topic sentences, relevant elaboration, and concluding sentences (ELA-2-M1) |
Brace, Flow |
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17. Develop grade-appropriate compositions on student- or teacher-selected topics that include the following: word choices (diction) appropriate to the identified audience and/or purpose; vocabulary selected to clarify meaning, create images, and set a tone; information/ideas selected to engage the interest of the reader; clear voice (individual personality); variety in sentence structure (ELA-2-M2) |
Circle |
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18. Develop grade-appropriate compositions by identifying and applying writing processes such as the following: selecting topic and form; prewriting (e.g., brainstorming, researching, raising questions, generating graphic organizers; drafting; conferencing (e.g., peer and teacher); revising based on feedback and use of various tools (e.g., LEAP 21 Writer's Checklist, rubrics); proofreading/editing; publishing using technology (ELA-2-M3) |
Circle, Tree |
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19. Develop grade-appropriate paragraphs and multiparagraph compositions using the various modes of writing (e.g., description, narration, exposition, and persuasion), emphasizing narration and exposition (ELA-2-M4) |
Double Bubble, Tree, Circle |
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20. Use the various modes to write compositions, including: short stories developed with literary devices; problem/solution essay; essay defending a stated position (ELA-2-M4) |
Multi-Flow, Tree, Circle |
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21. Develop writing using a variety of literary devices, including understatements and allusions (ELA-2-M5) |
Circle, Tree |
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22. Write for a wide variety purposes, including: persuasive letters that include appropriate wording and tone and that state an opinion; evaluations of advertisements, political cartoons, and speeches; text-supported interpretations of elements of grade-appropriate stories, poems, plays and novels (ELA-2-M6) |
Multi-Flow, Brace |
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Writing Proofreading |
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23. Use standard English capitalization and punctuation consistently (ELA-3-M2) |
Circle, Tree |
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24. Write paragraphs and compositions following standard English structure and usage, including: varied sentence structures and patterns, including complex sentences; phrases and clauses used correctly as modifiers (ELA-3-M3) |
Circle, Brace |
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25. Apply knowledge of parts of speech in writing, including: infinitives, participles, and gerunds; superlative and comparative degrees of adjectives; adverbs (ELA-3-M4) |
Circle, Tree |
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26. Spell high-frequency, commonly confused, frequently misspelled words and derivatives (e.g., roots and affixes) correctly (ELA-3-M5) |
Circle, Brace |
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27. Use a variety of resources (e.g., glossaries, dictionaries, thesauruses, spell check) to find correct spellings (ELA-3-M5) |
Circle |
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Speaking and Listening |
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28. Adjust diction and enunciation to suit the purpose for speaking (ELA-4-M1) |
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29. Use standard English grammar, diction, syntax, and pronunciation when speaking (ELA-4-M1) |
Circle |
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30. Follow procedures (e.g., read, question, write a response, form groups) from detailed oral instructions (ELA-4-M2) |
Flow |
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31. State oral directions/procedures for tasks (ELA-4-M2) |
Flow |
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32. Adjust volume and inflection to suit the audience and purpose of presentations (ELA-4-M3) |
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33. Organize oral presentations with a thesis, an introduction, a body/middle developed with relevant details, and a conclusion (ELA-4-M3) |
Brace, Flow |
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34. Determine the credibility of the speaker (e.g., hidden agenda, slanted or biased materials) (ELA-4-M4) |
Tree, Double Bubble, Multi-Flow |
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35. Deliver grade-appropriate persuasive presentations (ELA-4-M4) |
Circle, Multi-Flow |
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36. Summarize a speaker’s purpose and point of view (ELA-4-M4) |
Tree |
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37. Compare, contrast, and evaluate information found in a wide variety of text/electronic media, (e.g., microprint, public speeches, art form) (ELA-4-M5) |
Circle, Tree, Double Bubble |
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38. Participate in group and panel discussions, including: explaining the effectiveness and dynamics of group process; applying agreed-upon rules for formal and informal discussions; assuming a variety of roles (e.g., facilitator, recorder, leader, listener) (ELA-4-M6) |
Circle, Bubble, Double Bubble, Tree |
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Information Resources |
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39. Locate and select information using organizational features of grade-appropriate resources, including: complex reference sources (e.g., almanacs, atlases, newspapers, magazines, brochures, map legends, prefaces, appendices); electronic storage devices (e.g., CD-ROMs, diskettes, software, drives); frequently accessed and bookmarked Web addresses; organizational features of electronic information (e.g., Web resources including online sources and remote sites) (ELA-5-M1) |
Tree, Circle |
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40. Locate and integrate information from a variety of grade-appropriate resources, including: multiple printed texts (e.g., encyclopedias, atlases, library catalogs, specialized dictionaries, almanacs, technical encyclopedias); electronic sources (e.g., Web sites, databases); other media sources (e.g., audio and video tapes, films, documentaries, television, radio) (ELA-5-M2) |
Tree, Brace, Double Bubble |
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41. Explain the usefulness and accuracy of sources by determining their validity (e.g., authority, accuracy, objectivity, publication date, coverage) (ELA-5-M2) |
Tree Multi-Flow Double Bubble |
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42. Gather and select information using data-gathering strategies/tools, including: surveying; interviewing; paraphrasing (ELA-5-M3) |
Tree |
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43. Generate grade-appropriate research reports that include information presented in a variety of forms, including: visual representations of data/information; graphic organizers (e.g., outlines, timelines, charts, webs); works cited lists and/or bibliographies (ELA-5-M3) |
Circle, Tree, Brace, Flow, Bubble, Bridge, Double Bubble, Multi-Flow |
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44. Use word processing and/or other technology to draft, revise, and publish a variety of works, including documented research reports with bibliographies (ELA-5-M4) |
Tree, Flow, Brace |
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45. Give credit for borrowed information following acceptable use policy, including: integrating quotations and citations; using endnotes; creating bibliographies and/or works cited lists (ELA-5-M5) |
Frame, Circle |
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46. Interpret information from a variety of graphic organizers including timelines, charts, schedules, tables, diagrams, and maps in grade-appropriate sources (ELA-5-M6) |
Circle, Flow, Tree, Multi-Flow |