04-05

05-06

06-07

07-08

09-10

BENCHMARK

GRADE LEVEL EXPECTATIONS

G-1A-M1

identifying and describing the characteristics, functions, and applications of various types of maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies

G-1A-M2

interpreting and developing maps, globes, graphs, charts, model, and databases to analyze spatial distributions and patterns

1.   Analyze various types of maps, charts, graphs, and diagrams related to U.S. history.

G-1A-M3

organizing and displaying information about the location of geographic features and places by using mental mapping skills

G-1B-M1

explaining and analyzing both the physical and human phenomena associated with specific places, including precipitation and settlement patterns

2.  Explain how physical features and climate affected migration, settlement patterns, and land use in the United States through 1877.

G-1B-M2

identifying and describing significant physical features that have influenced historical events

3.  Identify and describe significant physical features that have influenced U.S. historical events (e.g., Ohio River Valley in the American Revolution)

G-1B-M3

identifying criteria used to define regions and explaining how and why regions change

G-1B-M4

describing and explaining how personal interests, culture, and technology affect people’s perceptions and uses of places and regions

4.  Explain ways in which goals, cultures, interests, inventions, and technological advances have affected people’s perceptions and uses of places or regions in the United States.

G-1C-M1

predicting and explaining how physical features help to shape patterns and arrangements in the physical environment

G-1C–M2

identifying the characteristics and patterns of human settlement in different regions of the world and analyzing the impact of urbanization

G-1C-M3

describing the characteristics and patterns of human settlement in different regions of the world and analyzing the impact of urbanization

5.  Explain patterns of rural/urban migration and the positive and negative consequences of urban development in the United States

G-1C-M4

analyzing types, patterns, and effects of human migration over time

6.  Identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain the political, cultural, or economic reasons for immigration.

G-1C-M5

tracing local and worldwide patterns of cultural diffusion and analyzing their causes and effects

G-1C-M6

comparing historical and contemporary patterns of economic interdependence

7.  Compare the interdependence of Great Britain and the American colonies to the global economy.

G-1C-M7

explaining how cooperation and conflict among people contribute to the political divisions on Earth’s surface

8.  Explain how cooperation and conflict affected the changing political boundaries in the United States to 1877 (e.g., Missouri Compromise)

G-1D-M1

analyzing and evaluating the effects of human actions upon the physical environment

G-1D-M2

explaining and giving examples of how characteristics of different physical environments affect human activities

9.  Explain how the different physical environments in the American North and South led to different economic activities.

G-1D-M3

analyzing the worldwide distribution and utilization of natural resources

G-1D-M4

identifying problems that relate to contemporary geographic issues and researching possible solutions

C-1A-M1

explaining major ideas about why governments are necessary and evaluating competing positions on the purposes government should serve

10.  Explain and evaluate the major purposes of government

C-1A-M2

describing the essential characteristics of various systems of government

11.  Explain the meaning of the term “federalism.”

12.  Distinguish between various forms of government (e.g., monarchy, totalitarian) and describe their characteristics and organization.

C-1A-M3

explaining how the powers of government are distributed, shared, and limited by the United States and Louisiana constitutions

13.  Explain how separation of powers limits government and describe the U.S. government system of checks and balances.

14.  Identify the powers of the U.S. federal government, and the powers it shares with state governments according to the U.S. Constitution.

C-1A-M4

explaining the purposes of sate constitutions and describing the relationship of state constitutions to the federal constitution

C-1A-M5

describing the organization and major responsibilities of local, state, and national government

15.  Identify the structure and powers of the three branches of the federal government, the limits of those powers, and key positions within each branch.

C-1A-M6

identifying government leaders and representatives at the local, state, and national levels and explaining their powers and the limits on their powers

16.  Identify qualifications and terms of office for elected officials at the national level.

17.  Identify current government leaders at the national level

18.  Describe the powers/responsibilities and limits of power for government officials at the national level.

C-1A-M7

explaining the importance of law in the American constitutional system and applying criteria to evaluate rules and laws

19.  Explain how a bill becomes law at the federal level.

20.  Examine a given law or court ruing and evaluate it based on given criteria. (E.g., Dred Scott decision).

C-1A-M8

explaining how public policy is formed, debated, and carried out at local, state, and national levels

C-1A-M9

explaining the necessity of taxes and describing the purposes for which tax revenues are used

C-1A-M10

identifying and evaluating different types of taxes

21.  Evaluate a type of tax in an historical context (e.g., Stamp Act and Tea Tax).

C-1B-M1

explaining the essential ideas and historical origins of American constitutional government

22.  Identify problems the United States faced after the American Revolution that led to the writing of the U.S. Constitution.

23.  Compare and contrast the Articles of Confederation with the U.S. Constitution.

24.  Identify the roles of the Continental Congress and the Great Compromise in forming the American Constitutional government and the federal union.

25.  Identify the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

26.  Explain how historical English documents, such as the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights, influenced the American democracy.

27.  Explain how ancient governments influenced American democracy and culture.

C-1B-M2

identifying and describing the historical experiences and the geographic, social and economic factors that have helped to shape American political culture

28.  Describe historical experiences and factors that defined, influenced, and helped shape American political culture.

C-1B-M3

explaining the meaning and importance of basic principles of American constitutional democracy as reflected in core documents

29.  Define and explain the ideas expressed in the Mayflower Compact and the Declaration of Independence

30.  Explain the principles of government embodied in the U.S. Constitution.

C-1B-M4

analyzing the ways in which political and social conflict can be peacefully resolved

31.  Analyze methods used to institute change or resolve social conflict in U.S. history (e.g., War of 1812, states’ rights theory).

C-1B-M5

analyzing democratic processes used to institute change

32.  Explain how changes are made in a democratic society.

C-1B-M6

analyzing the importance of political parties, campaigns, and elections in the American political system

33.  Describe the role of political parties in the American political system.

C-1C-M1

describing how the world is organized politically and explaining the means by which nation-states interact

34.  Describe political divisions of the world (nations-states).

35.  Explain various processes/strategies nations use to interact.

C-1C-M2

explaining the formation, implementation, and impact of United States foreign policy

36.  Explain how United States foreign policy is formed and carried out

C-1C-M3

identifying types of foreign policy issues, using current and historical examples

37.  Identify types of foreign policy issues and characterize the means by which they have been addressed with reference to current and historical examples (e.g., Middle East conflicts).

C-1D-M1

explaining the meaning of citizenship and the requirements of citizenship and naturalization in the United State

38.  Identify the qualifications or requirements for U.S. citizenship, including naturalization.

C-1D-M2

identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizens and explaining their importance to the individual and to society

39.  Explain the importance of various rights and responsibilities of citizenship to the individual or to society at large(e.g., Bill of Rights)

C-1D-M3

discussing issues involving the rights and responsibilities of individuals in American society

40.  Explain issues involving rights and responsibilities of individuals in American society (e.g., rights of individuals with disabilities, responsibility to pay taxes).

C-1D-M4

describing the many ways by which citizens can organize, monitor, and help to shape politics and government at local, state, and national levels

C-1D-M5

communicating the importance of knowledge to competent and responsible political participation and leadership

E-1A-M1

describing how the scarcity of resources necessitates decision making at both personal and societal levels

E-1A-M2

analyzing consequences of economic decisions in terms of additional benefits and additional costs

E-1A-M3

analyzing the consequences and opportunity cost of economic decisions

E-1-M4

analyzing the role of specialization in the economic process

E-1A-M5

giving examples of how skills and knowledge increase productivity and career opportunities

E-1A-M6

describing the essential differences in the production and allocation of goods and services in traditional, command, and market systems

E-1A-M7

describing the various institutions, such as business firms and government agencies, that make up economic systems

E-1A-M8

differentiating among various forms of exchange and money

E-1A-M9

using economic concepts to help explain historic and contemporary events and developments

41.  Use economic concepts (e.g. supply and demand, interdependence) to explain Mercantilism and describe its role in British colonization and the conflict between the thirteen American colonies and Great Britain

E-1B-M1

explaining the role of supply and demand in a competitive market system

E-1B-M2

explaining the factors that affect the population and distribution of goods and services

E-1B-M3

explaining the difference between private and public goods and services

E-1B-M4

identifying the costs and benefits of government policies on competitive markets

E-1B-M5

identifying different types of taxes and user fees and predicting their consequences

E-1B-M6

determining the reasons for trade between nations, identifying costs and benefits, and recognizing the worldwide interdependence that results

42.  Identify  U.S. exports and imports that contributed to the U.S. economic interdependence with Europe and other parts of the world during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

E-1B-M7

describing historical and economic factors that have contributed to the development and growth of the national, state, and local economies

E-1C-M1

explaining the meaning of economic indicators that help to describe economies

E-1C-M2

describing the influences of inflation, unemployment, and underemployment on different groups of people

H-1A-M1

describing chronological relationships and patterns

43.  Construct a timeline of key events and key figures in U.S. history from 1763 to 1877.

44.  Interpret a timeline to identify cause-and-effect relationships among events in U.S. history.

H-1A-M2

demonstrating historical perspective through the political, social, and economic context in which an event or idea occurred

45.  Explain the point of view of key historical figures and groups in U.S. history.

H-1A-M3

analyzing the impact that specific individuals, ideas, events, and decisions, had on the course of history

46.  Explain the causes, effects, or impact of a given historical event in U.S. history.

47.  Explain how a given historical figure influenced or changed the course of U.S. history.

H-1A-M4

analyzing historical data using primary and secondary sources

48.  Compare and contrast two primary sources related to the same event in U.S. history.

H-1A-M5

identifying issues and problems from the past and evaluating alternative courses of action

49.  Propose and defend an alternative course of action to a given issue or problem in U.S. history.

H-1A-M6

conducting research in efforts to answer historical questions

50.  Conduct historical research using a variety of resources, and evaluate those resources for reliability and bias, to answer historical questions related to U.S. history

Era 1: THE WORLDS MEET (BEGINNINGS TO 1620)

H-1B-M1

identifying and describing characteristics of societies in the Americans, Western Europe and Western Africa that increasingly interacted after 1450

H-1B-M2

explaining the cultural, ecological, and economic results of early European exploration and colonization

Era 2: COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT (1565-1763)

H-1B-M3

describing the interactions among Native Americans, early Europeans, and Africans in the Americas

H-1B-M4

tracing the emergence of religious freedom and changing political institutions in the English colonies

H-1B-M5

analyzing the impact of European cultural, political, and economic ideas and institutions on life in the Americas

Era 3: REVOLUTION AND THE NEW NATION (1754-1820)

H-1B-M6

explaining the causes and course of the American Revolution and the reasons for the American victory

51.  Explain the causes, course, and consequences of the American Revolutionary War.

52.  Compare and contrast the strategies and motivations of the Patriots, Loyalists, and British during the American Revolution.

53.  Explain the role of the  key figures in the American Revolution.

H-1B-M7

explaining the impact of the American Revolution on the politics, society, and economy of the new nation

54.  Explain how the American Revolution affected the politics, society, and economy of the new nation.

H-1B-M8

relating the institutions and practice of government established during and after the American Revolution to the foundation of the American political system

55.  Describe the issues involved in the creation and ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

56.  Explain the significance of the Bill of Rights and its specific guarantees.

57.  Describe major events and issues involving early presidencies.

Era 4: EXPANSION AND REFORM (1801-1861)

H-1B-M9

describing the territorial expansion of the United States and analyzing the effects on relations with Native Americans and external powers

58.  Explain Napolean’s reasons for selling the Louisiana territory to the United States and the impact of that acquisition

59.  Explain President Madison’s reason for declaring war in 1812, the sectional divisions over the war, and the consequences of the Native American alliance with the British.

60.  Describe provisions of the Monroe Doctrine and its influence on U.S. foreign relations

61.  Explain westward movement of the United States, the changes it created, and its effects on relations with Native Americans

62.  Explain Manifest Destiny and its economic, political, social, and religious roots

63.  Describe diplomatic and political developments that led to the resolution of conflicts with Britain, Spain, and Russia from 1815 to 1850

64.  Identify the causes, course, and consequences of the Texas War for Independence and the Mexican-American War

HB-1B-M10

analyzing the changes and regional tensions created by Jacksonian democracy, the industrial revolution, increasing immigration, the rapid expansion of slavery, and the westward movement

65.  Describe Jacksonian Democracy, the influence of Jackson on the U.S. political system, and Jackson’s Indian Removal Policy

66.  Identify major technological developments related to land, water, and transportation and explain how they transformed the economy, created international markets, and affected the environment.

67.  Analyze national policies on a protective tariff, a national bank, federally funded improvements (e.g., roads, canals, railroads), and educational and prison reforms.

68.  Compare ways of life in northern and southern states and identify factors that caused rapid urbanization and the growth of slavery.

69.  Identify the causes and explain the effects of new waves of immigration prior to the Civil War

H-1B-M11

explaining and giving examples of the reform movements that occurred during the antebellum period and evaluating their impact on American society

70.  Explain the importance of the Second Great Awakening, ideas of its principal leaders, and how it affected public education, temperance, women’s suffrage, and abolition

71.  Describe fundamental beliefs of abolitionists and compare positions of those who favored gradual versus immediate emancipation

72.  Identify the major reform movements, their leaders, and the movements’ effects on the United States

Era 5: CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION (1850-1877)

H-1B-M12

describing the causes and course of the Civil War and examining the impact of the war on the American people

73.  Describe the economic, social, and cultural differences between the North and South, including the advantages and disadvantages each had at the outbreak of the Civil War

74.  Explain the impact of the compromises on the issue of slavery and the Dred Scott decision on increasing tensions between the North and South.

75.  Explain the immediate and long-term causes of the secession of the Southern states and the outbreak of the Civil War

76.  Describe the course of the Civil War, including major turning points and the war’s immediate and long-term impact on the North and the South

77.  Explain the purpose, significance, and results of Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation.

78.  Describe provisions of the Thirteenth Amendment and Lincoln’s reasons for advancing it, as well as the purpose and significance of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

H-1B-M13

comparing and evaluating various reconstruction plans of the post-Civil War era

79.  Describe, compare, and evaluate various reconstruction plans of the post-Civil War South.

80.  Explain the growing conflict between Andrew Johnson and Congress, and the reasons for and consequences of his impeachment and trial.

81.  Describe the successes and failures of Reconstruction, as well as its impact on the South.

82.  Explain how the presidential election of 1876 led to the Compromise of 1877 and brought about an end to Reconstruction in the South.

Era 1: THE BEGINNING OF SOCIETY

H-1C-M1

describing the earliest human communities

H-1C-M2

explaining the emergence of agricultural societies around the world

Era 2: THE RISE OF EARLY CIVILIZATION (4000-1000 B.C.)

H-1C-M3

identifying the major characteristics of early civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus valley

He-1C-M4

tracing the development and expansion of agricultural societies and the emergence of new states

H-1C-M5

analyzing the political, social, and cultural consequences of population movements and militarization in Europe and Asia

Era 3: CLASSICAL TRADITIONS, MAJOR RELIGIONS, AND GIANT EMPIRES (1000 B.C. - A.D. 300)

H-1C-M6

discussing and giving examples of technological and cultural innovation and change

H-1C-M7

describing the classical civilizations and examining their interactions and influences

H-1C-M8

describing and comparing the emergence of major religions and large-scale empires in the Mediterranean basin, China, and India

Era 4: EXPANDING ZONES OF EXCHANGE AND ENCOUNTER (A.D. 300-1000)

H-1C-M9

tracing the expansion of major religions and cultural traditions and examining the impact on civilizations in Europe, Asia, and Africa

H-1C-M10

analyzing the political, social, and cultural developments and changes that resulted from the rise and fall of empires and kingdoms in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas

Era 5: INTENSIFIED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTIONS (A.D. 1000-1500)

H-1C-M11

analyzing the cultural and economic impact of the interregional system of communication and trade that developed among the peoples of Europe, Asia, and Africa

H-1C-M12

explaining the developments and events that led to the political, social, cultural, and economic transformation of Europe

H-1C-M13

describing the development and expansion of complex societies and empires in the Americas

H-1D-M1

describing the contributions of people, events, movements, and ideas that have been significant in the history of Louisiana

H-1D-M2

tracing the development of the various governments that have been established in Louisiana throughout history

H-1D-M3

identifying and discussing the major conflicts in Louisiana’s past

H-1D-M4

locating and describing Louisiana’s geographic features an examining their impact o people past and present

H-1D-M5

tracing the development and growth of Louisiana’s economy throughout its history

H-1D-M6

examining folklore and describing how cultural elements have shaped our state and local heritage